Síndrome de Banda Amniótica / Amniotic Band Syndrome

Amniotic band sequence or syndrome, is the term applied to a wide range of congenital anomalies, as a group of congenital birth defects caused by entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero. Before the baby was born, the body parts shows signs of arm, fingers, etc, that were caught and estrangled. Amniotic band syndrome can cause a number of different birth defects depending on which body part(s) is affected. Amniotic band sequence (ABS) is a rare condition caused by strands of the amniotic sac that separate and entrangle digits, limbs or other parts of the fetus. This constriction can cause a variety of problems depending on where the strands are located and how trightly they are wrapped. ABS can cause a broad spectrum of anomalies ranging from simple band constrictions to major craniofacialand visceral defects. This causes deformations, malformation and disruption, that results in incapacity or death. The aims of the present report, were to present a review of the literature concerning with this pathology, describing the clinical characteristics, etiology, diagnosis and prognosis, in order to improve the efficacy of the prenatal management

Síndrome de Bartsocas-Papas y secuencia de bridas amnióticas: Semejanzas clínicas sugieren un factor etiopatogénico común / Bartsocas-Papas syndrome and amniotic bands sequence: Clinical similarities suggest a common etiopathogenic factor

Introducción: el síndrome de Bartsocas-Papas (SBP) es una entidad letal causada por una mutación homocigota del gen RIPK4, el cual, formando parte de una compleja red molecular, está involucrado en la diferenciación del queratinocito. Las principales manifestaciones del síndrome, parcialmente compartidas por otras displasias ectodérmicas monogénicas son: pterigium en miembros inferiores, fisuras faciales, defectos de reducción distal de miembros y apéndices cutáneos. Por otro lado, la secuencia de bridas amnióticas (SBA), de etiopatogenia desconocida, se caracteriza por un espectro variable de anomalías consideradas disruptivas, incluyendo fisuras faciales y defectos de reducción de miembros. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos clínicos y anatomopatológicos de un paciente con SBP y de otro con SBA, remarcando sus semejanzas. Casos clínicos: 1) Recién nacida con fisura facial, pterigium poplíteo y crural, reducción de dedos y ortejos, y apéndices cutáneos. Placenta con zonas desprovistas de epitelio amniótico. 2) Feto femenino de 27 semanas, fisura facial atípica, reducción distal de miembros, pterigium poplíteo, defecto de cierre de pared tóracoabdominal y polo cefálico, apéndices cutáneos y presencia de bridas amnióticas. Placenta y cordón umbilical con extensas zonas de desprendimiento del epitelio amniótico. Conclusiones: algunos hallazgos similares en el SBP y la SBA permitirían especular acerca de la existencia de un factor intrínseco, relacionado al desarrollo de la piel, y común a ambas entidades.

Introduction: Bartsocas-Papas syndrome (BPS) is a lethal condition caused by a homozygous mutation of the RIPK4 gene, which, being part of a complex molecular network, is involved in keratinocyte differentiation while. The main clinical manifestations are webbing of lower limbs, facial clefts, distal limb reduction defects, and skin tags, and some of these are shared with other monogenic ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. Similarly, amniotic bands sequence (ABS), a condition of unknown etiopathogenesis, is characterized by a variable spectrum of anomalies considered as disruptive, such as facial clefts and limb reduction defects. Objective: to describe clinical and autopsy findings of a patient with BPS and of a fetus with ABS, emphasizing on their similarities. Case reports: 1. Female liveborn with atypical facial clefts, popliteal and crural webbing, distal reduction defects of hands and feet, and multiple skin tags. The placenta showed regions lacking amniotic epithelium. 2. Female fetus of 27 gestational weeks, atypical facial clefts, distal limb reduction defects, popliteal webbing, thoracoabdominal and cephalic closure defects, skin tags, and amniotic bands. Placenta and umbilical cord showed broad regions lacking amniotic epithelium attachment. Conclusions: the observation of a number of findings with remarkable similarities between BPS and ABS allows considering the existence of an intrinsic factor, involved in skin development which is common to both conditions.

Síndrome de bridas amnióticas, a propósito de 3 casos clínicos / Amniotic band syndrome: 3 case-reports

Amniotic Band Syndrome is a sporadic condition with a spectrum of clinical presentations that include constriction rings, pseudosyndactily, amputations, multiple craniofacial - visceral - body wall defects and spontaneous abortion. The incidence ranges from 1: 1 200 to 1: 15 000 newborns, creating controversy regarding its pathogenesis. We report 3 cases with different clinical manifestations of this entity and review the different etiological hypotheses for this syndrome. Two main pathogenic mechanisms are proposed: the exogenous theory with early amnion rupture leading to fibrous bands that entrap the fetal body and the endogenous theory that establishes a germ plasm defect with vascular disruption and disturbance of morphogenesis during early gastrulation. However, the exact etiology of Amniotic Band Syndrome remains unknown and its natural evolution is unpredictable. The observed geographic difference in birth prevalence is useful in studying specific genetic and environmental factors involved. The management of this disease must be multidisciplinary and the outcome depends on malformations severity.

El síndrome de bridas amnióticas es una condición esporádica variable que presenta un espectro que incluye anillos de constricción, pseudosindactilia, amputaciones, múltiples alteraciones craneofaciales, viscerales, de la pared corporal y abortos espontáneos. El rango de incidencia es de 1 en 1 200 a 1 en 15 000 recién nacidos vivos. La patogenia del síndrome de bridas amnioticas es controversial. En el siguiente informe se reportan tres casos donde se describen las diferentes manifestaciones clínicas de esta entidad, además se revisaron las diferentes hipótesis etiológicas. Entre los dos mecanismos propuestos destacan la ruptura prematura del amnios (teoría exógena), que conlleva a la formación de bandas fibrosas que afectan el cuerpo fetal y la teoría endógena como defecto germinal, disrupción vascular y alteraciones en la morfogénesis durante la gastrulación temprana. Sin embargo, la etiología exacta del síndrome de bridas amnioticas es incierta y su curso natural es impredecible. Las diferencias geográficas observadas en las prevalencias de nacimiento puede ser una indicación útil para estudios de factores genéticos y ambientales candidatos. El manejo debe ser multidisciplinario y el pronóstico depende de la gravedad de las malformaciones.

Brida amniótica, sinequia intrauterina y tabique mulleriano: etiopatogenia, diagnóstico diferencial y pronóstico / Amniotic band, intrauterine synechiae and mullerian septum: etiopathogenic, differential diagnosis and prognosis

El diagnóstico diferencial de membranas intrauterinas durante el embarazo incluye bandas fibrosas de origen fetal en el caso de síndrome de brida amniótica, o membranas de origen combinado materno-fetal en el caso de sinequias intrauterinas y tabiques. Se revisan las características clínicas y ultrasonográficas, así como la etiopatogenia de estas entidades, con especial referencia a su diagnóstico diferencial, ya que su significado perinatal implica pronóstico muy diferente para el feto.

Estudio tridimensional de bandas amnióticas y diagnósticos diferenciales / Three-dimensional study of amniotic bands and differential diagnosis

Las bandas y bridas amnióticas son hallazgos habituales para el sonografista, aunque poco frecuentes. Su disposición es al azar. Presentamos aquí hallazgos de distintos tipos de bandas y proponemos varias patologías con las que pueden ser confundidas.

Mermaid syndrome with amniotic band disruption.

An association of Amniotic Band Disruption Sequence and Mermaid Syndrome in a newborn having multiple congenital anomalies is being reported. The newborn had aberrant string like tissues attached to the amputed fingers and toes. Adhesions of amniotic bands had disrupted the fetal parts especially anteriorly in the midline, causing multiple anomalies. Apart from these features of Amniotic Band Disruption Sequence, the newborn had complete fusion of the lower limbs by cutaneous tissue, a characteristic of Mermaid Syndrome (Sirenomelia). Associated malformations were anal stenosis, rectal atresia, small horseshoe kidney, hypoplastic urinary bladder and a bicomuate uterus. The single umbilical artery had a high origin, arising directly from the aorta just distal to the celiac axis, which is unique to sirenomelia. Theories put forward regarding the etiopathogenesis of both the conditions are discussed.

Amnion rupture sequence in Jamaica: a report on 2 cases

Two cases of amnion rupture sequence resulting in grossly malformed stillborn infants are described. One baby had marked craniofacial defects while the other had a combination of craniofacial, abdominal wall and limb abnormalities. These are the first such cases to be reported in the English-speaking Caribbean; and aspects of the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical and pathological features are discussed